Trauma informed intervention《創傷知情介入》
的一些原則、考慮和注意事項
創傷知情介入(包括 trauma-informed mindfulness)強調「安全、選擇與賦權」,核心是避免二次創傷,而不是「硬推」覺察或暴露。在設計或帶領正念練習時,只要把安全、節奏與自主感放在第一位,就是朝向創傷知情的方向。[1][2][3][4]
核心原則
多個指引把創傷知情實務歸納為六大原則,可直接套用在正念與身心介入上:[3][5][4]
- 安全(safety):優先照顧身體與心理安全,減少壓力及威脅感。參與者要有「可以停、可以走、可以說不」的感覺。[4][3]
- 信任與透明(trustworthiness):清楚說明流程、時間、練習內容與可能反應,讓學員知道「接下來會發生什麼」,減少不可預測性。[3][4]
- 選擇與控制感(choice):提供多種參與方式(睜眼/閉眼、坐/站/走動),強調「你可以隨時調整或停止」。這點在創傷知情正念中特別重要。[2][1][3]
- 合作與互助(collaboration):強調師生共同探索而非「專家指令」,並鼓勵同儕支持,減少權力不平衡。[5][4][3]
- 賦權與強項取向(empowerment):聚焦資源、韌性和已有的應對能力,避免只是反覆談「受害」經驗。[6][5][4]
- 文化與歷史敏感(cultural consideration):尊重性別、文化、族群、階級與歷史創傷等脈絡,不預設「某一種表達方式才是健康或進步」。[7][6][3]
創傷知情正念的具體考慮
創傷知情正念的重點,是調整傳統正念技術,讓自我覺察不會變成「被困在創傷裡」。[8][1][2]
- 目標調整:從「深入觀照一切」轉為「先建立安全、自我調節與身體友善」,協助學員慢慢和身體感受修好關係。[1][2]
- 練習形式彈性:對部分創傷經驗者,靜坐、閉眼或專注呼吸可能會誘發閃回或解離,所以可以改用:開眼、短時段、靜觀步行、觀外界顏色/聲音等比較穩定的錨點。[2][8][1]
- 先穩定再深入:如同創傷治療一般,需先有「安全與穩定」的階段,再考慮深入處理創傷內容,同樣的倫理可套用在正念課程設計。[9][10]
帶領時的實務注意事項
帶創傷知情正念時,可以特別留意以下操作細節,以降低觸發與二次創傷風險:[6][8][1][2]
- 開場與框架
- 與身體、呼吸相關練習
- 語言與節奏
- 情緒被觸發時的處理
帶領者與系統層面的注意事項
創傷知情不只是「技巧」,也牽涉帶領者的狀態與整個課程系統的設計。[13][7][4][6]
- 帶領者自我覺察與界線
- 組織與空間設計
Reference:
- https://psychcentral.com/health/trauma-informed-mindfulness
- https://mindfulnessnow.org.uk/why-mindfulness-needs-to-be-trauma-informed/
- https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/working-definition-of-trauma-informed-practice/working-definition-of-trauma-informed-practice
- https://www.traumainformedcare.chcs.org/what-is-trauma-informed-care/
- https://www.mentalhealthaustralia.org.au/articles/news/trauma-informed-practice/
- https://ijmhk.org/news/trauma-informed-care-builds-resilience-for-survivors-of-human-trafficking-and-violence/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4815621/
- https://centerforadolescentstudies.com/trauma-informed-mindfulness-with-teenagers-9-guidelines/
- https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/11/2/e042112.full.pdf
- https://ptsdflighttofreedom.com/2025/02/01/the-role-of-safety-in-trauma-recovery-why-stabilization-is-the-first-step/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11683881/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8689164/
- https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/9/908
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11784121/
- https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/8/1046
- https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933824016997/type/journal_article
- https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/CEH.0000000000000552
- https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/148/2/e2021052579/179781/Trauma-Informed-Care-in-Child-Health-Systems
- https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5128c91b16896dcd9cd3fcd109cded26a61d558e
- https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-025-12732-7
- https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s41252-025-00450-4
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1476063/full
- https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.35120
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08404704231215461
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10657501/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11831284/
- https://trauma-informedcare.children.org.tw/trauma_healing/take_care
- http://www.cslds.org/mental_health_databank/data_detail.php?id=27